Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is more commonly known as ADHD, can result in the sufferer experiencing inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Struggling to focus, relax or think before acting often results.
For many of those who have ADHD, it should be treated. That is because leaving this disorder untreated can result in substantial difficulties with schoolwork, with paying attention in the classroom, in workplace settings, at home, in relationships with those who they are close to and otherwise.
There are a few ways to treat it, one of those being an Adderall prescription. Primary alternate options to consider include other medications, including non-stimulants, and behavior therapy. Cultivating a healthy diet and taking supplements may be recommended courses of action as well.
Keep in mind that behavior therapy should incorporate parents of children with ADHD so that they can also learn how to effectively work with each other in relation to this.
Table of Contents
What is Adderall?
Adderall, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996, contains amphetamine salts as its active ingredients, specifically dextroamphetamine and amphetamine. These are central nervous system stimulant medications that enhance focus and reduce impulsivity. This is achieved, in part, by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. In individuals with ADHD, Adderall often produces a calming effect, a paradoxical reaction to stimulant medications.
This drug is also prescribed for narcolepsy, promoting wakefulness in patients with or without co-occurring ADHD. Similar stimulant medications like Ritalin and Vyvanse also affect these neurotransmitters.
Adderall is classified as a Schedule II drug by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), indicating a high potential for abuse but recognized therapeutic value under a doctor’s supervision – i.e., with a prescription. When “Adderall” is mentioned without “XR” or “IR,” it typically refers to the immediate-release formulation.
Adderall XR: Extended Release Formulation
Adderall XR is the extended-release version of this drug, meaning that its effects are experienced over a much longer time period than is the case for the other primary option.
It is produced in capsule form and normally contains different types of beads, immediate-release ones as well as delayed-release. For example, if you take 20mg of the extended-release type of Adderall, it could feel the same to you as if you had taken a 10mg IR dose now and another one in a few hours, depending on the type of Adderall XR that you were prescribed.
Generally, the effects of one capsule of Adderall XR will last around 12 hours. For that reason, it is important to not take an Adderall XR capsule soon before you sleep, in the evening for most. If you were to have one at 7 p.m. and then attempted to sleep at 11 p.m., you would likely experience difficulties in doing so since the second half of your capsule would start kicking in around then.
That said, as long-acting as this type of capsule is taken at an appropriate time – most recommend doing so in the morning, soon after you wake up – many appreciate its consistent coverage and the convenience of only needing to take it once in order to have your ADHD treated for most or all of the day.
Adderall XR has not been approved by the FDA for the treatment of narcolepsy since its effects are experienced for a longer time period, a feature that narcoleptics do not normally need and that usually negatively affects them.
The extended-release version of Adderall may be used by children who are 6 years of age or older and adults.
Adderall IR: The Immediate Impact
Adderall IR is what you should take if you are solely interested in using an immediate-release version of this drug. As its name implies, it provides an impact on the user right away, but, more to the point, that is all that is applied as no more will be dispersed later. In general, the effects of an Adderall IR tablet are experienced for up to around 5-7 hours before dissipating.
This is preferred by those who only want to look a few hours ahead as far as experiencing the effects of Adderall are concerned. Or perhaps you simply prefer to take Adderall multiple times a day as opposed to one capsule on a daily basis. Also, if your doctor agrees with this option, you could take Adderall ER in the morning and then Adderall IR in the late afternoon to take its cumulative effects into the evening while still allowing you to sleep at your normal bedtime.
Additionally, some only use Adderall before specific circumstances. For example, if you want to experience its effects more sporadically, such as for a few hours here and there when you are especially busy with school or work activities, Adderall IR would likely be your preferred option. On a similar note, if you only need to experience it in the afternoons but not in the mornings or evenings, this will allow you to do that.
Children as young as 3 years old as well as adults may be prescribed Adderall IR.
Key Differences Between XR and IR: A Comparative Overview
Onset of Action: XR vs. IR
Both extended-release capsules and immediate-release tablets will usually be felt right away although some ER capsules initially release their contents in a few hours.
Duration of Effects: XR vs. IR
In general, XR capsules will experience a duration of effects of 12 hours while the comparative figure for IR tablets is about five hours. Also take into account that peak levels usually occur around seven hours after an XR capsule has been consumed and about three hours after an IR tablet has.
Dosing Schedule: XR vs. IR
XR capsules should usually be taken soon after you wake up, in the morning for most, while IR tablets can be swallowed at any point other than just before bedtime.
Side Effects: XR vs. IR
Adderall, like any medication, can have a range of side effects. These can vary in severity and frequency from person to person. Here’s a summary of potential side effects:
Common Side Effects:
- Loss of appetite: This is a very common side effect, and can lead to weight loss.
- Trouble sleeping (insomnia): Adderall is a stimulant, so it can interfere with sleep.
- Dry mouth: This is another frequent complaint.
- Headache: Headaches can occur, especially in the initial stages of taking Adderall.
- Stomach upset/pain: This can include nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Nervousness: Adderall can increase feelings of anxiety or restlessness.
- Increased heart rate: Stimulants can elevate heart rate.
More Serious Side Effects (less common):
- Cardiovascular problems: Adderall can raise blood pressure and increase the risk of heart problems, especially in those with pre-existing conditions.
- Mental/mood changes: This can include agitation, aggression, mood swings, depression, or even psychosis in rare cases.
- Circulation problems: Adderall can cause blood flow problems, leading to coldness, numbness, or pain in the fingers and toes.
- Seizures: Though rare, seizures are a potential risk.
- Allergic reactions: In rare cases, severe allergic reactions can occur.
Withdrawal Symptoms of Adderall
Adderall withdrawal can manifest in a range of symptoms, primarily due to the drug’s impact on the central nervous system (CNS). Here’s a breakdown of common withdrawal symptoms, incorporating relevant keywords:
- Mood Changes: Depression is a significant symptom. Irritability and anxiety are also common.
- Sleep Disturbances: Trouble sleeping (insomnia) or excessive sleepiness can occur.
- Changes in Appetite: Loss of appetite can be experienced, though conversely, an increase in appetite is also common.
- Fatigue: Extreme tiredness and lethargy are typical.
- Psychological Effects: In some cases, particularly with high doses or prolonged use, psychosis can occur.
- Other Potential Symptoms:
- Because Adderall is a stimulant, when stopping use, the bodies central nervous system (CNS) can have a large reaction.
- Although less common with adderall withdrawal than with some other substances, changes in heart rate can occur. Because of this, it is important to understand that there is a link between the cardiovascular system, and stimulant withdrawal.
Cost: XR vs. IR
Adderall XR tends to be more expensive than Adderall IR, partially because the latter option’s generic forms are more widely available.
Which Formulation is Right for Me? Factors to Consider
It is important to consider your individual needs and symptoms as well as your doctor’s recommendations when deciding whether to solely use Adderall XR, only utilize Adderall IR or take advantage of a combination of those two options. In many cases, a trial-and-error period will need to be undergone in order to ultimately determine which works best for you under what circumstances.
For example, if you tend to be forgetful in the middle of the day, you may want to take an Adderall XR capsule in the morning and then be done with ingesting the drug for the day. For a similar reason, many parents have their children consume that type of capsule so that the youngster does not have to remember to take any more during their busy school day. Additionally, those who want to pick and choose when to experience Adderall’s effects should focus on the IR version. The same is true for individuals who should not experience its effects for more than a few hours at a time.
Also note that Adderall has the potential to suppress the user’s appetite, making it more difficult for some to eat a balanced, healthy diet. If this is an issue for you, IR tablets spaced far enough apart to ensure a return of your appetite towards the end of one dosage’s effects and before another’s starts could be perfect for you.
How Can Long Island Interventions Help?
How Can Long Island Interventions Help? If you have become dependent on an ADHD medication, such as Adderall, consider reaching out to Long Island Interventions. We provide resources and referrals to those struggling with an adderall addiction and other substance dependencies, helping you embark on a new path. We can connect you with various treatment options, including outpatient programs, and ensure you find a suitable healthcare provider specializing in addiction treatment. We do this primarily through our holistic approach and evidence-based treatment methods.
Published on: 2025-03-06
Updated on: 2025-03-06
